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The All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) is an alliance of 26 political, social and religious organizations formed on March 9, 1993 as a political front to raise the cause of Kashmiri separatism. This alliance has historically been viewed positively by Pakistan as it contests the claim of the Indian government over the State of Jammu and Kashmir.〔() 〕 Ghulam Muhammad Safi was elected as its convener in January 2010. As per Indian sources, Hurriyat is encouraging youth of Kashmir for stone pelting and to leave their studies for a "bigger cause" while their own children and family members are getting the best education in other parts of India and foreign countries. ==History== The origins of the Hurriyat are traced to the 1993 phase of the Kashmir insurgency. The initial euphoria of armed struggle against Indian security forces, which surrounded terrorist violence during the late 1980s and early 1990s had subsided in the face of counter-insurgency operations launched by Indian security forces. The Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) with its "pro-independence" ideology had been marginalised as a terrorist outfit and replaced by a network of extremist Islamic outfits sponsored and controlled by Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=All Party Hurriyat Conference (APHC) )〕 Parallel to this, Pakistan was aggressively pursuing an agenda of attempting to portray its proxy war against India as an indigenous uprising against Indian sovereignty and internationalise the issue. It was in this context that the Hurriyat was formed as an umbrella body for all over-ground secessionist organisations. Since the international community frowned upon the resort to violence by non-state actors, the Hurriyat was an ideal platform to promote the Kashmiri secessionist cause.〔 Another version claims that the Hurriyat is a creation of the US interests in Kashmir and was formed through the efforts of a Washington-based think-tank US Institute of Peace (USIP) under the then presidency of Robert Oakley, a former US ambassador to Pakistan. Certain developments do indicate that it has had active backing from US official sources, particularly the US embassy in India (when prominent Hurriyat leader Abdul Ghani Lone was injured during a security force action in the early 1990s, he was reportedly rushed to New Delhi and visited each day by officials from the US embassy).〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=www.outlookindia.com - )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=::: Kashmir Forum ::: Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Greater Kashmir, Gulmarg, Gilgit, Azad Kashmir )〕 When Robert Oakley, the retired US Ambassador in Pakistan, took over as the head of the US Institute of Peace (USIP), Kashmir issue became a project of this institute. The USIP, an instrument of the US foreign policy, came into existence by an Act of the US Congress, which also undertook its funding without being answerable to the US President. It cooperates too closely with the US Administration, and being known for fondling with controversial problems, its methodology has been given the name of 'Track II diplomacy receiving tactical support of the US Government'.〔〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Editorial )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「All Parties Hurriyat Conference」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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